This study investigated the challenges encountered in the teaching and learning process of science subjects in secondary schools in Temeke district. The study specifically explored methods used in teaching and learning science subjects, attitudes of students and teachers towards teaching and learning process of science subject. Also, the study examined the challenges faced by teachers and students in science subjects. Lastly the study explored suggestions on the ways to improve teaching and learning science subjects. The study employed mixed research approach and descriptive survey design. A total of one hundred and thirty four (134) respondents were involved including heads of schools, science subjects’ teachers and science students. Data collection was done through the use of questionnaires, structured interviews and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by the assistance of SPSS version 20. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Findings revealed that, the teaching and learning process of Science subjects were facing some challenges in Temeke District. Some of these challenges include lack of the laboratory technicians, no time table for practicals, negative attitudes of students towards science, poor environment of teaching and learning science, poor methods of teaching, non uniformity of teaching texts and references books of science subjects. Also, there was lack of supportive materials for learning from parents and lack of job commitments by teachers. The study concludes that, schools should have laboratory technicians to work together with science teachers so as to make the real meaning of practical teaching. The study recommends that, the government should post laboratory technicians in schools. Also, teachers should uplift the attitudes of students through motivation, guidance and counseling and opening science clubs.