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This study assessed the perceptions of vegetable farmers, traders, consumers and key informants on the health
hazards of using low-quality water in irrigation vegetable production in Morogoro, Tanzania. Methods used to
collect data were a survey involving all farmers in Changarawe village and Fungafunga area using low-quality
water for irrigation vegetable production (n=60), consumers of low-quality water irrigated vegetables (n=70) and
vegetable traders selling low-quality water irrigated vegetables (n=60), focus group discussions (n=7) and key
informant interviews (n=25). The study employed cross sectional research design. Descriptive statistics were
used to calculate mean, frequencies and percentages while Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test
assessed the association between social-demographic variables and respondents score on the health hazard
perception scale of using low-quality water in vegetable production. Results showed skin itching, fungal diseases,
bilharzias and worm infestation as among the perceived health hazards in using low-quality irrigation water.
Health hazard perception differed among groups of farmers, consumers and vegetable traders (p<0.001). The
mean ranks of the groups indicated that farmers perceive less health hazards in using low-quality water (mean
rank = 147.98) compared to consumers (mean rank = 72.68) and vegetable traders (mean rank 69.64). More
health hazards were perceived by Fungafunga farmers compared to farmers from the Changarawe village
(p<0.001) while female farmers perceived less hazards in using low-quality water than male farmers (p < 0.05).
Consumers with formal education perceived more health hazards than consumers with no formal education (p <
0.001) while vegetable traders from Fungafunga area perceived more health hazards in selling low-quality water
irrigated vegetable than vegetable traders from the Changarawe village (p<0.001). These findings demonstrate
the need to design health hazards minimization interventions for specific target group. |
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