This research article published by Elsevier B.V., 2021Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient required for plant growth. Land use influences concentration and bioavailability of P in agricultural soils. About 198 soil samples (0-30 cm soil depth) were collected from three land-use types (maize, paddy, and conserved areas) in Usangu basin located in Southern Highland Tanzania. The concentration of soil P determined were compared among different land-use types and locations. The total P (TP), complexed (Po), and bioavailable P (B-P) were measured. The concentration of TP and B-P was determined by acid digestion and Mehlich 3 method, respectivelly, The Po concentration in soil extract was obtained by subtracting B-P from TP. TP, B-P and Po concentration in collected soils samples were in range of; Total P (63.12-1350.9 mg/kg), Bioavailable P (0.52-49.87 mg/kg), and complexed P (62.60-1301.03 mg/kg). The cropping area had high TP but very low B-P, especially in paddy farming areas indicating cropping and associated activity decrease bioavailable P in agricultural soils. Furthermore, soils from cropping areas had higher Al, Fe, and Mg concentrations than conserved areas, which caused a substantial reduction in B-P due to increased P fixation and adsorption. It is important to note that converting natural land to farming land could potentially influence soil P dynamics thus affecting P bioavailability, crop productivity, and environmental safety.