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The ~4-ka Rungwe Pumice (South-Western Tanzania): A wind-Still Plinian Eruption

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dc.creator Fontijn, Karen
dc.creator Ernst, Gerald G. J.
dc.creator Bonadonna, Costanza
dc.creator Elburg, Marlina A.
dc.creator Mbede, Evelyne I.
dc.creator Jacobs, Patric
dc.date 2016-09-21T16:59:29Z
dc.date 2016-09-21T16:59:29Z
dc.date 2011-05
dc.date.accessioned 2018-03-27T08:58:18Z
dc.date.available 2018-03-27T08:58:18Z
dc.identifier Fontijn, K., Ernst, G.G., Bonadonna, C., Elburg, M.A., Mbede, E. and Jacobs, P., 2011. The~ 4-ka Rungwe Pumice (South-Western Tanzania): a wind-still Plinian eruption. Bulletin of volcanology, 73(9), pp.1353-1368.
dc.identifier http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/4094
dc.identifier 10.1007/s00445-011-0486-8
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/4094
dc.description Full text can be accessed at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00445-011-0486-8
dc.description The ~4-ka trachytic Rungwe Pumice (RP) deposit from Rungwe Volcano in South-Western Tanzania is the first Plinian-style deposit from an African volcano to be closely documented focusing on its physical characterization. The RP is a mostly massive fall deposit with an inversely graded base. Empirical models suggest a maximum eruption column height HT of 30.5–35 km with an associated peak mass discharge rate of 2.8–4.8 × 108 kg/s. Analytical calculations result in HT values of 33 ± 4 km (inversion of TEPHRA2 model on grain size data) corresponding to mass discharge ranging from 2.3 to 6.0 × 108 kg/s. Lake-core data allow extrapolation of the deposit thinning trend far beyond onland exposures. Empirical fitting of thickness data yields volume estimates between 3.2 and 5.8 km3 (corresponding to an erupted mass of 1.1–2.0 × 1012 kg), whereas analytical derivation yields an erupted mass of 1.1 × 1012 kg (inversion of TEPHRA2 model). Modelling and dispersal maps are consistent with nearly no-wind conditions during the eruption. The plume corner is estimated to have been ca. 11–12 km from the vent. After an opening phase with gradually increasing intensity, a high discharge rate was maintained throughout the eruption, without fountain collapse as is evidenced by a lack of pyroclastic density current deposits.
dc.language en
dc.subject Rungwe
dc.subject Tanzania
dc.subject Plinian eruptions
dc.subject Physical characterization
dc.subject Eruptive parameters
dc.subject Wind-free conditions
dc.subject Trachyte
dc.title The ~4-ka Rungwe Pumice (South-Western Tanzania): A wind-Still Plinian Eruption
dc.type Journal Article


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