Dissertation (Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine)Background: Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for significant bacteriuria and hence severe and non-severe forms of urinary tract infections. There is a considerable regional variation in sensitivity profile of uropathogens in diabetics. Objectives: To determine prevalence, aetiologies, sensitivity profiles and factors associated with significant bacteriuria among patients with diabetes mellitus attending Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: A case – control study was done at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital in Dodoma region for over a period of 3 months. Participants were diabetic patients from medical outpatient clinic and variables such as demographics, vital signs and urine for culture and sensitivity were obtained. Data was recorded and subsequently analysed using SPSS version 23 and outcome variable being urine culture results. Results: A total of 371 patients were enrolled into the study. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria in cases was significantly higher (15.5%) (P<0.001) compared to controls (4.9%). Commonest isolate in both cases and control were were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. In both cases and controls, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and cephalexin had the highest sensitivity of more than 80%. Female sex (AOR=4.51, CI 1.94 – 10.51), age group of 18 – 39 years (AOR=3.05, CI 1.01 – 6.42), urban residence (AOR=2.55, CI 1.01 – 6.42) where associated with significant bacteriuria in cases and in controls only female sex (AOR=6.16, CI 1.32 – 28.85) was the only associated factor. Conclusion: In adult’s diabetes mellitus patients with significant bacteriuria attending medical outpatient medical clinic, ceftriaxone, cephalexin and cefuroxime where the drugs with highest sensitivity while clavulanic acid potentiated amoxicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole had high resistance