Browsing by Author "Kabote, S. J."
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Item Climate change and its variability on crop production in semiarid areas of Iramba and Meatu Districts, Tanzania(African Developmen) Urassa, J. K.; Nombo, C. I.; Kabote, S. J.; Mamiro, D. P.; Mbwambo, J. S.; Mattee, A. Z.; Matata, L. M.; Synneåg, G.Item Effectiveness of groundwater governance structures and institutions in Tanzania(Applied Water Science) Gudaga, J. L.; Kabote, S. J.; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; Mosha, D. B.; Kashaigili, J. J.Item Farmers’ Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Semi-arid Environments in Tanzania: A Gender Perspective(IntechOpen, 2018-05-23) Kabote, S. J.This chapter reports on the study conducted in semi-arid environment in Iramba and Meatu districts to examine gender vulnerability and adaptations to climate change impacts. The study adopted qualitative approach that brought together smallholder farmers and agro-pastoralists to discuss issues, in nine focus group discussions, in three villages. A total of 99 participants were involved. The results showed that the major climatic hazards since 1985 were, among others, drought, floods, strong wind accompanied with “ice falling,” and crop and livestock diseases including malaria and cholera that affected humans. Their frequencies were reported to be on the increase, especially since the 2000s. Such hazards negatively affected livelihoods resources like land, livestock, human and water resource that in turn affected communities’ livelihoods. Men and women had developed different coping and adaptation strategies, which had not changed much in the past 30 years. Men’s strategies were related to mobility contrary to women counterparts. The chapter concludes that women and children were more vulnerable due to factors like limited control over livelihoods resources, limited mobility, domestic chores and the general subordinate position in the communities. Concerted integrated programmes from various stakeholders are required to rectify an existing situation.Item Governance principles for local level groundwater management in Njombe district, Tanzania(Journal of African Studies and Development, 2022) Gudaga, J. L; Kabote, S. J.; Malisa, E. TGroundwater governance is a necessary condition for groundwater management that in turn improves access to clean and safe drinking water. However, it is one of the developmental issues, which has not been addressed squarely in Tanzania. Using governance principles, we explored groundwater governance in Njombe district where water for domestic use depends on groundwater source. The study used cross-sectional research design by adopting a mixed method approach with a random sample of 250 respondents. It also involved 32 Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) participants and 9 governance actors at a district and community levels. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to summarize descriptive statistics while qualitative data were subjected to the content analysis. The results show that five out of eight governance principles namely: accountability, transparency, collaboration, rule of law and responsiveness were not practised effectively because of poor knowledge among the governance actors. To that effect, the practice of governance principles was poor translating into poor groundwater management. Therefore, district authorities should build capacity on good governance to all groundwater governance actors recognized by the law. This helps practise governance principles effectively for groundwater management.Item Groundwater conflicts or disputes? Experience from Mbarali District in Tanzania(Journal of African Studies and Development) Kabote, S. J.; Gudaga, J. L.Item Groundwater conflicts or disputes? Experience from Mbarali District in Tanzania(Journal of African Studies and Development, 2018-07-31) Kabote, S. J.; Gudaga, J. L.This article examines conflicts and or disputes attributed to ineffectiveness of groundwater governance. The study adopted sequential exploratory research design. A random sample of 90 water users was involved in the survey. The key informants and focus group discussions were used to collect qualitative data. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Frequency and percentage distribution of the responses were computed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show that 43 (47.7%) of the sample experienced groundwater disputes, between and or among water users themselves, or between groundwater governance structures, at least in the previous five years since 2013. This is attributed to poor governance and failure of the actors in abiding to the guidelines of the Water Resource Management Acts of 2009 (WRMA), particularly lack of transparency, destruction of water pumps and unequal distribution of water among groundwater users. Some disputes were resolved successfully at water users’ level, while those occurred between governance structures were difficult to resolve. The article concludes that there was poor groundwater governance and therefore disputes occurred. The disputes could develop into conflicts if continue unabated. Therefore, the article recommends strengthening of groundwater governance in abiding to the Acts. It also recommends a comprehensive governance structural arrangement, formal and informal institutions to enhance groundwater governance, specifically resolving groundwater disputes to avoid conflicts in future.Item Groundwater situation in Tanzania: Experiences from Mbarali district in Mbeya region(Mkwawa University College of Education) Kabote, S. J.; Gudaga, J. L.; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; Mosha, D. B.Item Groundwater users’ awareness of water institutions in Tanzania: A case study of Mbarali District, Mbeya Region(Journal of African Studies and Development) Gudaga, J. L; Kabote, S. J.; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; Mosha, D. B.; Kashaigili, J. J.Item Groundwater users’ awareness of water institutions in Tanzania: A case study of Mbarali District, Mbeya Region(Journal of African Studies and Development, 2018-03-30) Gudaga, J. L; Kabote, S. J.; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; Mosha, D. B.; Kashaigili, J. J.This paper examines awareness of groundwater formal and informal institutions among water users. The paper adopted sequential exploratory research design to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The sample size was 90 groundwater users, and 50% were women. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis H Test and Mann Whitney U Test were used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The results show that 50% of the respondents showed average awareness of formal institutions whereas 70 and 57.7% showed high awareness of norms and values respectively. In addition, the results showed statistically significant difference on the extent of respondents’ awareness of water institutions (P=0.001) among low, medium and high categories. Furthermore, there was no significant difference on awareness of formal institutions between male and female respondents (P=0.403). The paper concludes high groundwater users’ awareness of informal institutions including norms and values than formal institutions mainly rules and regulations particularly Water Resource Management Acts. Therefore, the paper recommends endeavours to raise awareness of formal institutions at a local level because awareness of formal and informal institutions is equally important for groundwater governance.Item Influence of women entrepreneurs’ characteristics on personal well-being in Arumeru District in Tanzania(African Journal of Business Management) Kabote, S. J.Item International Land deals and rural poverty reduction in Kisarawe District, Coast Region, Tanzania(Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSSREA), 2014) Kabote, S. J.; Niboye, E. P.; Ringo, J. J.Item International Land deals and rural poverty reduction in Kisarawe District, Coast Region, Tanzania(Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSSREA), 2014, 2014) Kabote, S. J.; Niboye, E. P.; Ringo, J. J.Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques, this chapter examines processes and impacts of International Land Deals in Kisarawe District. Three focus group discussions encompassing 30 participants and 17 key informants were involved. A survey of 180 small-scale farmers who were heads of households or spouses also participated in the study. Qualitative data were analyzed used content analysis techniques whereby quantitative data were summarized using Statistical Package for Social Science. Results showed that the process of land leasing to the British Sun-Biofuel Tanzania Limited were top down. Secondly, the employment opportunity created by the investor though improved household income was not sustainable and so smallscale farmers bounced back into poverty. Thirdly, despite a Memorandum of Understanding signed between the investor and Kisarawe District, there were no mechanisms to ensure effective implementation of the deal as a result the win-win situation was not attained and that the deal exacerbated rural poverty among small-scale famers.Item Knowledge of vegetable insect pests, diseases and control measures in Morogoro and Iringa regions in Tanzania: a call for integrated pest management(Academic Journals, 2021) Kabote, S. J.; Mamiro, D. P.; Maerere, A. P.; Sibuga, K. P.; Mtui, H. D.; Mgembe, E. R.; Erbaugh, M.; Cardina J.This study investigates vegetable growers’ knowledge about insect pests, diseases and control methods. The study adopted cross-sectional research design, employing survey method and involving 400 randomly selected vegetable growers. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to summarize raw data. Colored cards of important pests coupled with field visits were used for pest identification. The results show that 87.1% of the tomato growers reported tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) as one of the important insect pests. Cucurbit growers reported mainly cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) and cucumber moth (Diaphania indica). Cabbage and onion growers reported cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), respectively. Diseases reported were mainly early (Alternaria solani) and late (Phytophthora infestans) blights in tomato and onion respectively, purple blotch in onion, cucumber blight in cucurbits and cabbage blight in cabbages. Insect pest and diseases control was mainly through synthetic pesticides. Frequency of spray was highest in tomato and cucurbits followed by onion. However, the knowledge on tank mixing, record keeping and Integrated Pest Management was limited. It is critical to have a common understanding about insect pests, diseases and control methods that are environmental friendly. Therefore, farmers should be trained on different issues regarding vegetable production and safe use of pesticides. The key training areas should include tank mixing, pest identification and thresholds, and record keeping.Item Land governance and conflict management in Tanzania: institutional capacity and policy-legal framework challenges(Science and Education Publishing (SciEP)) John, P.; Kabote, S. J.Item Land governance and conflict management in Tanzania: institutional capacity and policy-legal framework challenges(Science and Education Publishing (SciEP), 2017) John, P.; Kabote, S. J.This paper examines land governance in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor in Rukwa and Katavi regions in Tanzania. The four districts involved include Sumbawanga, Kalambo, Nkasi and Mpanda. Land governance and the management of related conflicts were assessed in views of the roles of local government and the challenges posed by policy and legal frameworks. Using a sample size of 270 smallholder farmers, a household survey was used to collect quantitative data, while qualitative data were collected from 74 Focus Group Discussions’ participants. The results confirmed the ‘legal dualism’ that embraces colonial policy and laws on land issues at local level despite the land reforms that have had taken place in Tanzania. In addition, land conflict was a common phenomenon. The results also show that the efforts of local governments, and other stakeholders, to manage land conflicts were hampered by serious challenges. The challenges include incapacitation of the local government with regard to legal issues, lack of education and unawareness of the policies and legal framework on the part of the citizenry. These resulted into ineffective implementation of informal and formal arrangements governing land issues. Ineffective land governance, in turn, stem from inadequate capacity to resolve land conflicts. This justifies poor land governance. To that effect, concerted efforts are needed to correct the situation.Item Need for Sustainable Development: Theoretical and Practical Concerns for Sub-Saharan Africa(IGI Global) Kabote, S. J.; Mangi, H. O.Item Perceived and measured climate variability and change in semi-arid environments in Tanzania: experiences from Iramba and Meatu Districts(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.) Kabote, S. J.; Mamiro, D. P.; Synnevåg, G.; Urassa, J. K.; Mattee, A. Z.; Mbwambo, J. S.; Nombo, C. I.; Chingonikaya, E. E.; Masolwa, L.Item Perceived and measured climate variability and change in semi-arid environments in Tanzania: experiences from Iramba and Meatu Districts(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2017) Kabote, S. J.; Mamiro, D. P.; Synnevåg, G.; Urassa, J. K.; Mattee, A. Z.; Mbwambo, J. S.; Nombo, C. I.; Chingonikaya, E. E.; Masolwa, L.This paper combines farmers’ perceptions of climate variability and change and meteorological data trends to generate empirical evidence to broaden an understanding of the phenomena. The results show an agreement on changing rainfall patterns. Bad years described by drought frequencies, temperature, and dry spell have increased since the 1970s. Crop growing period has decreased by one month in Meatu and by more than a month in Iramba. As hypothesised, the Mann-Whitney U test shows similar men and women’s perceptions at 5% level of significance (P value = 0.701). Similarly, the Kruskal-Wallis H test indicates that the poor, not so poor and the rich have the same perceptions (P value = 0.281). These results have implications on crop and livestock production systems and on livelihoods more generally. We conclude that climate variability and change manifestations overlap, making it a complex phenomena perceived equally by men, women, the poor and non-poor. This is understood holistically by combining farmers’ perceptions and meteorological data trends to inform adaptation strategies related decision makingItem Perceived corruption and quality of health services in Mbeya Urban District, Mbeya Region Tanzania(Macrothink Institute) Kabote, S. J.