Browsing by Author "Kinabo, J."

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A tailored nutrition education intervention improves women’s nutrition knowledge and dietary practices in farming households of Tanzania
(Symbiosis Group) Bundala, N.; Kinabo, J.; Jumbe, T.; Rybak, C.; Stuetz, W.; Sieber, S.
A tailored nutrition education intervention improves women’s nutrition knowledge and dietary practices in farming households of Tanzania
(Symbiosis Group, 2020-02-17) Bundala, N.; Kinabo, J.; Jumbe, T.; Rybak, C.; Stuetz, W.; Sieber, S.
A study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention among women residing in the villages of Dodoma and Morogoro regions of Tanzania. Prior to the intervention, a baseline survey was conducted in July-August 2016. The survey involved 663 women who completed a pre-test assessment for nutrition knowledge and practice and enrolled in nutrition education intervention. The intervention was carried out for 8 months (September 2017 to April 2018) including a 10 days group training per village with six-month individual training follow-ups in the household. Spouses/ adult men were also invited to participate in the intervention. Training content included; functions of food, food groups, malnutrition, food preparations, food consumption and homestead food production. Women were given a post-test during the endline survey (July-August 2018) to assess the intervention. Nutrition knowledge (NK), Nutrition Practice (NP) as well as a combination of Nutrition Knowledge and Practice (NKP) were computed using a scoring method as per FAO guidelines. The test was scored in a range of 0-10 for NK and NP and 0-20 for NKP. The median scores before and after the intervention were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The NKP scores among sub-groups of respondents were computed using Mann–Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests. Changes in proportions were calculated using a McNemar test. Results indicated a significant increase in the post-intervention median scores (interquartile range) than the pre-intervention median scores (interquartile range) for NK, NP, and NKP; 7(5,7) vs 4(3,5), 5(4,6) vs 3(2,4) and 12(10,13) vs 7(5,9) respectively, p<0.01. Higher scores were found among those who had received nutrition education, those who had frequently been exposed to nutrition education, those whose spouses/men participated in the intervention and those with a formal level of education than their counterparts. A significant increase in the frequencies of consumption of vegetables, fruits and legumes were noted from the baseline to the post-intervention phase in the end-line (87%-98%, 63%-69% and 76%-87%) respectively. The findings suggest the effectiveness of the nutrition education in the promotion of nutrition knowledge and desirable dietary practices in farming households of Tanzania.
Body fat content, distribution and blood glucose concentration among adults population in Ilala Municipality, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
Majili, Z.S; Kinabo, J.
Body Fat Content, Distribution and Blood Glucose Concentration Among Adults Population in Ilala Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Majili, Z.S; Kinabo, J.
Body Fat Content, Distribution and Blood Glucose Concentration Among Adults Population in Ilala Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
(2015) Majili, Z.S; Kinabo, J.
Body fat content has been associated with increase of blood glucose concentration. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body fat content, its distribution and blood glucose concentration among adult population. A cross sectional survey was carried among 270 randomly selected adults, aged above 25 years. Bioelectrical impendence technique was used to determine body fat content. Waist-hip-measures were used to assess abdominal obesity. Blood glucose level was determined by GlucoPlus™ meter with a disposable blood glucose test strip. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS version 16). The mean age of the subject was 38 ± 10.5(SD). Mean Body fat content was 27 ± 10.3(SD). About 49% and 22% of subjects were obese and underweight respectively. About 83% of the female subjects and more than one third of the subjects aged above 35 years had a waist- hip ratio greater than 0.8. About 40% of the subjects who had fasting blood glucose level < 6.1mmol/L, 49% of them had elevated blood glucose level 2 hours post load glucose. About 50% of subject who had greater body fat content and waist hip ratio had impaired fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerant. Body fat content within the body has significance effects on blood glucose concentration. Consequently, there is a need of increasing awareness about healthy food consumption coupled with regular physical activities so as to reduce the risk of developing diet related chronic diseases
Consumption intensity and production constraints of indigenous vegetables: a step in African food and nutrition security
(Margraf Publishers GmbH, Weikersheim Kanalstrasse 21, 97990Weikersheim) Mbwana, H.; Kinabo, J.; Stuetz, W.; Rybak, C.; Mutabazi, K. D.; Sieber, S.; Konrad, H.; Ski, B.
Consumption intensity and production constraints of indigenous vegetables: a step in African food and nutrition security
(Margraf Publishers GmbH, Weikersheim Kanalstrasse 21, 97990Weikersheim, 2018) Mbwana, H.; Kinabo, J.; Stuetz, W.; Rybak, C.; Mutabazi, K. D.; Sieber, S.; Konrad, H.; Ski, B.
Food and nutrition insecurity has been a major challenge in Africa. Farmers need to diversify food production in order to alleviate food and nutrition insecurity. With climate change at hand, indigenous vegetables can provide prospects to diversify production systems and improve food, nutrition and income security in many countries. Regardless of their potential, the extent of consumption and diversity of indigenous vegetables in lessening food, nutrition and economic insecurity are not fully exploited in Tanzania. Estimation of consumption intensity of these vegetables is important to understand how their utilisation can be enhanced at the household level. The study evaluated consumption intensity and production constraints of indigenous vegetables. The study was carried out on 600 farm households from four villages in Dodoma and Morogoro, Tanzania. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select districts, villages and households. Districts were selected purposively based on their different agro-ecological characteristics and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The mean consumption of indigenous vegetables was high in 74% of households, but the quantities were below 80% the recommended daily intake (RDI) in 72–96% of households. The mean intakes of vegetables were significantly (p < 0.001) different among the two agro ecological zones. Age of household head, household size and distance to a water source influenced consumption intensity of indigenous vegetables. Identified production constraints were lack of knowledge on the vegetables for example; production practices, cooking methods, utilisation and preservation methods; lack of seeds, low yields and competition with some exotic. The diets of rural community were somehow deficient in terms of different vegetables and amount consumed thus contributing to high prevalence of undernutrition and micronutrient malnutrition. Therefore, strategies that could promote consumption intensity of indigenous vegetables such as health and nutrition education and involving young and male decision makers, extension services and production of these vegetables in home gardens should be employed.
Consumption of dark green leafy vegetables predicts vitamin a and iron intake and status among female small-scale farmers in Tanzania
(Nutrients/ MDPI) Stuetz, W.; Gowele, V.; Kinabo, J.; Bundala, N.; Mbwana, H.; Rybak, C.; Eleraky, L.; Lambert, C.; Biesalski, H. K.
Determinants of household dietary practices in rural Tanzania: Implications for nutrition interventions
(Cogent food & Agriculture) Mbwana, H. A.; Kinabo, J.; Lambert, C.; Biesalski, H. K.
Determinants of household dietary practices in rural Tanzania: Implications for nutrition interventions
(Cogent food & Agriculture, 2016) Mbwana, H. A.; Kinabo, J.; Lambert, C.; Biesalski, H. K.
A household cross-sectional survey of a sample of 120 households to analyze consumption practices and determinants of household dietary diversity in rural areas of differing agro-climatic conditions in Tanzania was conducted in four villages of Morogoro and Dodoma regions. The respondent was the mother/woman or any other person responsible for food preparation and serving in the household. The inclusion criteria were those women who had given consent to participate, those from a rural area and in the age bracket 15 to 49 years. Data were collected using the Food and Agriculture Organization dietary diversity questionnaire with twelve food groups. Two independent multinomial logistic regression models were used to establish relationships between dietary diversity and categorical variables in Morogoro and Dodoma regions. The mean dietary diversity scores were 4.7 and 4.1 for Morogoro and Dodoma, respectively. The Cereals were highly consumed by all households that participated in the study during the past 24 h preceding the survey and that the consumption of animal based protein foods was below 40%. Determinants of household dietary diversity in Morogoro included literacy status of the mother and prior nutrition training/knowledge. In Dodoma, cultivated land size, literacy status of the mother and distance to a water source determined household dietary diversity. It is therefore recommended that nutrition and food security interventions should not only empower rural women but also pay special attention to differences in agro-ecological environments of the areas in determining interventions to address malnutrition and for effective successful implementation and outcomes.
Diet related chronic diseases in rural and urban Dar es Salaam. A case study of Ilala Municipality.
(Nutrion Congress) Kinabo, J.
Diet related chronic diseases in rural and urban Dar es Salaam. A case study of Ilala Municipality.
(Nutrion Congress, 2010) Kinabo, J.
Increased energy intake and low physical activity are the major contributors to rising levels of overweight/obesity and their co- morbidities in many parts of the world. A Cross sectional survey was carried out on 270 adults aged above 25 years and residing in rural and urban areas of Ilala Municipality, Dar es Salaam. Food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall methods were used to assess energy intake. The Douglas bag technique assessed energy expenditure, nutrition status and body composition were assessed by body mass index, body fat content and waist hip ratio. Prevalence of overweight/obese was higher among urban (28%), female’s (21%) and subjects aged above 45 years (34%). Females had higher body fat content (32%) than males (21%). 45% females and 4% males had waist hip ratio greater than 1 and 0.85 respectively. Mean fasting blood glucose level was 103.2 mg/dl. Females (46%) and subjects aged above 54 years (61%) had fasting blood glucose level between 140-200 mg/dl. Mean total cholesterol concentration was 5 mmol/l, that of low density lipoprotein was 6.0 mmol/l and high density lipoprotein was 1.1 mmol/l. More than 55% consumed refined maize flour, Irish potatoes, vegetable oil, and coconut milk for more than 4 days per week. Mean daily energy intake was 2134 kcal, and mean daily energy expenditure was 1705 kcal; close to 94% of the subjects had a positive energy balance. Subjects know very little about their nutritional status and health risks associated with poor nutritional status. Nutrition education should be emphasised at all levels so as to prevent and decrease prevalence of obesity and associated morbidities.
Dietary patterns and household food insecurity in rural populations of Kilosa district, Tanzania
Ntwenya, J. E.; Kinabo, J.; Msuya, J.; Mamiro, P.; Majili, Z. S.
Dietary patterns and household food insecurity in rural populations of Kilosa district, Tanzania
(2015-05-21) Ntwenya, J. E.; Kinabo, J.; Msuya, J.; Mamiro, P.; Majili, Z. S.
Introduction Few studies have investigated the relationship between dietary pattern and household food insecurity. The objective of the present analysis was to describe the food consumption patterns and to relate these with the prevalence of food insecurity in the context of a rural community. Methodology Three hundred and seven (307) randomly selected households in Kilosa district participated in the study. Data were collected during the rainy season (February–May) and post harvest season (September–October) in the year 2011. Food consumption pattern was determined using a 24-h dietary recall method. Food insecurity data were based on the 30 day recall experience to food insecurity in the household. Factor analysis method using Principal Components extraction function was used to derive the dietary patterns and correlation analysis was used to establish the existing relationship between household food insecurity and dietary patterns factor score. Results Four food consumption patterns namely (I) Meat and milk; (II) Pulses, legumes, nuts and cooking oils; (III) fish (and other sea foods), roots and tubers; (IV) Cereals, vegetables and fruits consumption patterns were identified during harvest season. Dietary patterns identified during the rainy season were as follows: (I) Fruits, cooking oils, fats, roots and tubers (II) Eggs, meat, milk and milk products (III) Fish, other sea foods, vegetables, roots and tubers and (IV) Pulses, legumes, nuts, cereals and vegetables. Household food insecurity was 80% and 69% during rainy and harvest–seasons, respectively (P = 0.01). Household food insecurity access scale score was negatively correlated with the factor scores on household dietary diversity.
Does homestead livestock production and ownership contribute to consumption of animal source foods? A pre-intervention assessment of rural farming communities in Tanzania
(Elsevier) Bundala, N.; Kinabo, J.; Jumbe, T.; Rybak, C.; Sieber, S.
Does homestead livestock production and ownership contribute to consumption of animal source foods? A pre-intervention assessment of rural farming communities in Tanzania
(Elsevier, 2020) Bundala, N.; Kinabo, J.; Jumbe, T.; Rybak, C.; Sieber, S.
Livestock production at homestead level is widely reported as an important pathway to achieve optimal consumption of Animal Source Foods (ASF) in a household. However, the empirical evidence is limited. This paper examines the extent of homestead livestock pro- duction and consumption of ASF by rural farming communities in four villages of Dodoma and Morogoro regions, Tanzania. A cross-sectional survey of 663 households was carried out. Interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers and caregivers sought to understand livestock production and consumption patterns of ASF. Analysis techniques in- cluded Chi-square test, ANOVA and binary regression. Animal source foods were grouped into four categories; (i) meat and meat products, (ii) eggs, (iii) fish, sardines and sea foods, and (iv) milk and dairy products. The average intake of ASF was low for the entire sample, with only 26% of the population consuming at least one of the four types, even though more than half (52.5%) of the surveyed households reported to keep livestock. Generally, proportion of livestock keepers consuming ASF was slightly higher compared to their coun- terparts. Results from chi-square test indicated that, Dodoma households were more likely to consume meat ( χ2 (1) = 11.1, p = 0.0 0 0) and milk ( χ2 (1) = 10.8, p = 0.0 0 0) than Morogoro households ( χ2 (1) = 0.2, p = 0.627 and χ2 (1) = 0.02, p = 0.887). Notably consumption of fish and sardines prevailed more in Morogoro than Dodoma households. Keeping of livestock was further emerged as a significant predictor for consumption of ASF after controlling for demographic factors ( p < 0.01). Findings from FGDs further re- vealed that; low nutrition knowledge, limited number of livestock, monetary and cultural values attached to livestock were the barriers to consumption of ASF. These observations highlight a mismatch between level of production of livestock, availability and actual con- sumption of ASF in rural households. Optimizing the contribution of livestock keeping on the consumption of ASF requires a combination of effort s. These include; addressing socio- cultural norms and practices towards motives for keeping livestock, promoting good live- stock rearing practices to maintain desired stock needed for consumption and households’
Expecting too much from the rural development: a case of the Iringa nutrition project
(Health Digital Library) Msuya, J.; Kinabo, J.
Expecting too much from the rural development: a case of the Iringa nutrition project
(Health Digital Library, 2012) Msuya, J.; Kinabo, J.
The Iringa Nutrition Project (INP) supported jointly by the Government of Tanzania and UNICEF was started in 1984 as one way to improve mral livelihood. It was implemented in Jringa region because it was found that despite good food supply in the region, there were still high rates of malnutrition among children. The present study was carried out in Thirty nine villages of Ludewa and Iringa districts to evaluate the performance of the INP. Child growth and nutrition status data for the period between 1984 and 1992 were used. Indicators of project outcome included success in lowering the proportion of malnourished children and extent of coverage (number of children reached). In addition, regression analysis was used in identifying the community characteristics that were responsible for determining rate of mal nutrition changes in the study area. It was observed that 10 percent of the 39 villages in the project area were able to maintain a downward trend in malnutrition during the period 1984- 86 and 18 percent in 1987-92 period. None of the villages was able to sustain a continuous downward trend for the entire period of nine years (1984 to 1992). The regression ana ysis revealed that malnutrition declined significantly in those wards where the rates of malnutri tion were highest at the outset of the project. In addition Dominant cropping system and population size indirectly affected the capability to improve nutrition through their influence on coverage. In conclusion, the lringa Nutrition Project appears to have had only a modest impact on improving the nutritional status of children in lringa. This implies that, while the use o_f projects to combat malnutrition in poor countries may still be inevitable, we should not expect too much from these projects.
Factors influencing stunting among children in rural Tanzania: an agro-climatic zone perspective
(Springer) Mbwana, H. A.; Kinabo, J.; Lambert, C.; Biesalski, H. K.
Factors influencing stunting among children in rural Tanzania: an agro-climatic zone perspective
(Springer, 2017-04) Mbwana, H. A.; Kinabo, J.; Lambert, C.; Biesalski, H. K.
This paper analyzed stunting in children in Tanzania and its linkages to agro-climatic conditions and related factors, unraveling the complex interactions of determinants of under-nutrition in two contrasting regions of Tanzania. We used logistic regression models to establish relationships between stunting and multiple variables belonging to different domains. The prevalence of stunting and severe stunting in children was 41% and 21% respectively, while 11% of women had a Body Mass Index of below 18.5. Results also indicate that 17% of children and 16% of women were anaemic. Regression analysis showed that major determinants of child stunting in the semi-arid Dodoma region are cultivated land size, gender and age of the child, duration of breastfeeding, household size, use of iodized salt and the distance to a water source. In sub-humid Morogoro, cultivated land size, a child’s age, duration of breastfeeding, literacy status of the mother and Body Mass Index of the mother predict stunting. We discuss how these factors influence the nutrition status of children in each agro-climatic region. The pooled model provided strong evidence to link agro-climatic zone characteristics to stunting among children. It is recommended that nutrition interventions should be specific to agroclimatic environments. Implementing agro-climatic sensitive interventional actions may help to reduce undernutrition and food insecurity in specific areas.