Browsing by Author "Makungu, M."
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Item Anatomy of the Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens)(Macrothink Institute) Makungu, M.Item Anatomy of the Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens)(Macrothink Institute, 2019-02) Makungu, M.The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is an endangered species primarily distributed in the southern China and Himalayas. It lives in mountain forests with bamboo understory. This review outlines the normal anatomy of the red panda in terms of its musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system and urogenital system. Knowledge of the normal anatomy of individual animal species is important for species identification and accurate interpretation and diagnosis of diseases.Item Caudal mediastinal abscessation in an adult East African black headed Ewe -A case report(TANZANIA VETERINARY ASSOCIATION) Makungu, M.; Malago, J.Item Caudal mediastinal abscessation in an adult East African black headed Ewe -A case report(TANZANIA VETERINARY ASSOCIATION, 2017) Makungu, M.; Malago, J.A 4-year-old East African black headed ewe was presented to Sokoine University of Agriculture Animal Hospital with a history of loss of body condition and respiratory distress. Clinical examination revealed poor body condition, severe leukopenia with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Radiographic examination of the thorax revealed an elongated caudal mediastinal mass with soft tissue opacity dorsal to caudal vena cava and caudal to the carina. The ewe was humanely euthanised due to deteriorated body condition. At post-mortem examination the mass contained caseous creamy material with early laminated appearance surrounded by a whitish fibrous capsule suggestive of chronic abscessation of caudal mediastinal lymph node. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated on bacterial culture of pus sample. A diagnosis of an abscessed caudal mediastinal lymph node as a result of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection was made. Thoracic radiography should be considered in sheep with chronic progressive emaciation and respiratory distress. Further, in sheep with caudal mediastinal mass, caseous lymphadenitis should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses.Item Entry points to stimulation of expansion in hides and skins processing. A case of Maswa District, Tanzania(Tanzania Veterinary Journal) Chasama, G.; Babu, A.; Makungu, M.; Kirita, E.; Mwangosi, I.Item Entry points to stimulation of expansion in hides and skins processing. A case of Maswa District, Tanzania(Tanzania Veterinary Journal, 2017) Chasama, G.; Babu, A.; Makungu, M.; Kirita, E.; Mwangosi, I.A study was carried out in Maswa, Tanzania to explore potential avenues for stimulating expansion in hides and skins processing. One hundred and eighteen respondents were interviewed and the gathered information analysed using SPSS. It was observed that 89.8% of the respondents’ households (HH) keep livestock with the average of 11.85 ± 1.1, 7.34 ± 0.68 and 5.61 ± 0.88 for cattle/HH, goats/HH and sheep/HH, respectively, but 75.4% of the respondents don’t sell hide or skin. Over 65.0% of the respondents use hot iron branding for animal identification. Animal slaughter was reported by 50.8% of the respondents to be done at backyard using normal knives. Sun drying on the ground, which was used by 42.4% of the respondents was found to be the major drying method. Only 3.4% of respondents add value to hides and skins by processing. Low quality of the raw material and inadequate skills were the leading constraints to industrial hides and skins processing, whereas, tick biting was the most important disease affecting hides and skins. For this status of the chain, it was proposed that a workable intervention model has to encompass placement of tanneries and slaughter slabs in the chain as new actors, linking chain actors, improving livestock services especially dipping, and reinforcing for compliance to stringent requirements regarding hides and skins production at all segments.Item Gross osteology and radiology of the pelvic limb of the adult small East African goat(Wiley, 2019-05) Makungu, M.The aim of this study was to provide the detailed normal gross osteology and radiographic anatomy of the pelvic limb in adult small East African goats as a reference for clinical use, biomedical research and teaching. Radiography of the pelvic limb was performed in five adult small East African goats. Bone specimens of four skeletally mature small East African goats were used for gross osteological study. The ilial wing was wide. The ischiatic tuberosity was prominent and well developed. The acetabulum was rounded. The minor trochanter was located caudomedially, and the femoral trochlea was deep and narrow. The lateral and medial condyles of the femur were approximately of the same size. The tibial tuberosity was prominent, and the cochlea grooves were deep with a pronounced intermediate ridge. The trochlea of the talus was deep. The patella presented a prominent tuberosity on the cranial surface. The metatarsal sesamoid bone was seen in all animals. The observed gross osteology and radiographic anatomy of the pelvic limb of small East African goats was consistent with the presence of strong extensor muscles of the hip, stifle and tarsus for propulsion during terrestrial walking and trotting.Item Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to oesophageal foreign body in a dog - a case reportMakungu, M.; Malago, J.; Muhairwa, A. P.; Mgasa, M. N.Item Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to oesophageal foreign body in a dog - a case report(2007) Makungu, M.; Malago, J.; Muhairwa, A. P.; Mgasa, M. N.Hypertrophic osteopathy is a pathological disease process that occurs secondary to intra thoracic lesions that are either pulmonary or non pulmonary in origin. A 6-year-old female German shepherd cross was presented with complaints of losing body condition, anorexia, lameness, and swollen limbs. Clinical examination revealed swelling of all four limbs which were hard and painless on palpation. Radiographic examination of the limbs and the thoracic cavity revealed, irregular periosteal new bone formation along the shafts of most of the long bones and an oval-shaped 6 cm diameter radio dense caudal mediastinal mass. At post-mortem examination, an oesophageal diverticulum was found, filled with foul smelling creamy exudates and a bone foreign body firmly adherent to the wall. Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to oesophageal foreign body was diagnosed based on history, clinical examination, radiography, post-mortem picture and histopathology.Item Morphology of the pelvis and Hind limb of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) evidenced by gross Osteology, radiography and computed tomography(Anatomia Histologia Embryologia) Makungu, M.; du Plessis, W. M.; Groenewald, H. B.; Barrows, M.; Koeppel, K. N.Item Morphology of the pelvis and Hind limb of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) evidenced by gross Osteology, radiography and computed tomography(Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 2015-12) Makungu, M.; du Plessis, W. M.; Groenewald, H. B.; Barrows, M.; Koeppel, K. N.The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a quadrupedal arboreal animal primarily distributed in the Himalayas and southern China. It is a species commonly kept in zoological collections. This study was carried out to describe the morphology of the pelvis and hind limb of the red panda evidenced by gross osteology, radiography and computed tomography as a reference for clinical use and identification of skeletons. Radiography of the pelvis and right hind limb was performed in nine and seven animals, respectively. Radiographic findings were correlated with bone specimens from three adult animals. Computed tomography of the torso and hind limb was performed in one animal. The pelvic bone had a wide ventromedial surface of the ilium. The trochlea of the femur was wide and shallow. The patella was similar to that seen in feline species. The medial fabella was not seen radiographically in any animal. The cochlea grooves of the tibia were shallow with a poorly defined intermediate ridge. The trochlea of the talus was shallow and presented with an almost flattened medial ridge. The tarsal sesamoid bone was always present. The lateral process of the base of the fifth metatarsal (MT) bone was directed laterally. The MT bones were widely spaced. The morphology of the pelvis and hind limb of the red panda indicated flexibility of the pelvis and hind limb joints as an adaptation to an arboreal quadrupedal lifestyle.Item Morphology of the thoracic limb of goat as evidenced by gross osteology and radiology(Anatomia Histologia Embryologia) Makungu, M.; Merere, B.Item Occurrences of indigestible foreign bodies in cattle slaughtered at Morogoro Municipal Slaughterhouse, Tanzania(HINDAWI) Bwatota, S. F.; Makungu, M.; Nonga, H. E.Item Osteology and Radiographic Anatomy of the Pelvis and Hind Limb of Healthy Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)(Anatomia Histologia Embryologia) Makungu, M.; du Plessis, W.M.; Barrows, M.; Koeppel, K. N.Item Osteology and Radiographic Anatomy of the Pelvis and Hind Limb of Healthy Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)(Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 2014-06) Makungu, M.; du Plessis, W.M.; Barrows, M.; Koeppel, K. N.In family Lemuridae, anatomical variations exist. Considering its conservation status (near threatened) and presence of similarities between strepsirrhines and primitive animals, it was thought to be beneficial to describe the gross osteology and radiographic anatomy of the pelvis and hind limb of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) as a reference for clinical use and species identification. Radiography was performed in 14 captive adult ring-tailed lemurs. The radiographic findings were correlated with bone specimens from two adult animals. Additionally, computed tomography of the hind limbs was performed in one animal. The pelvic bone has a well-developed caudal ventral iliac spine. The patella has a prominent tuberosity on the cranial surface. The first metatarsal bone and digit 1 are markedly stouter than the other metatarsal bones and digits with medial divergence from the rest of the metatarsal bones and digits. Ossicles were seen in the lateral meniscus, inter-phalangeal joint of digit 1 and in the infrapatellar fat pad. Areas of mineral opacity were seen within the external genitalia, which are believed to be the os penis and os clitoris. Variations exist in the normal osteology and radiographic appearance of the pelvis and hind limb of different animal species. The use of only atlases from domestic cats and dogs for interpretative purposes may be misleading.Item Photoperiodic control of seasonal breeding(Open University of Tanzania) Bunyaga, A. S.; Makungu, M.Item Polycystic kidneys in the Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens)(Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine) Makungu, M.; du Plessis, W. M.; Barrows, M.; Koeppel, K. N.; Groenewald, H. B.Item Radiographic abdominal anatomy in captive red pandas (Ailurus fulgens)(Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine) Makungu, M.; du Plessis, W. M.; Barrows, M.; Groenewald, H. B.; Koeppel, K. N.Item Radiographic and ultrasonographic abdominal anatomy in captive ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)(American Association of Zoo Veterinarians) Makungu, M.; du Plessis, W. M.; Barrows, M.; Groenewald, H. B.; Koeppel, K. N.