Browsing by Author "Tryphone, George M."

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Identification of drought selection indices of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania
(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2019-12-05) Mazengo, Karantin D.; Tryphone, George M.; Tarimo, Akwilini J. P.
A study was conducted to evaluate common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for drought tolerance in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Treatments included 18 genotypes laid out in a 3×18 split plot arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The data on yield under water stress and non-water stress treatments were used to calculate indices that can be used for predicting tolerant genotypes. This was accomplished by ranking the yield indices within the selection indices. Results showed that, selection index, YI, identified BFS60, KG104-72 and SER16 as the most tolerant genotypes, while STI, MP and GM identified SER16, BFS60 and KG104-72. Another index, SSPI, identified RCB266, 41-EX-VAM and SER83 as most sensitive genotypes to water deficit while HM showed BFS60, SER16 and KG104-72 as genotypes tolerant to drought. In contrast, SSI discriminated 41-EX-VAM, RCB266 and PASS as most susceptible genotypes under drought. Ranking the means of yield indices, genotypes SER16, BFS60 and KG104-72 were identified as the most drought tolerant genotypes. Correlation analysis showed that Yp were highly significant (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with STI, SSPI, MP, HM, and GM while Ys were highly significant (p<0.001) and positively correlated with YI, STI, MP, HM and GM. The findings suggest that these indices are effective for discriminating genotypes with higher yields under non stress and stress conditions, respectively. Genotypes, SER16, BFS60 and KG104-72 are among the most tolerant to drought conditions therefore are recommended for cultivation in drought prone environments and subsequently as parental materials in breeding for drought tolerance.
Studies on the Influence of Altitude on Abundance of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda (Je Smith)) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Tanzania
(Society for Science and Education, 2023-08-25) Mbemba, Kiva F.; Rwegasira, Gration M.; Tryphone, George M.
Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the most devastating polyphagous field crop pests in many parts of the world, including Tanzania. Influence of altitude on the abundance of S. frugiperda was studies by using Pheromone (Frugilure S. frugiperda, Chemtica international, S.A) embedded cup traps. The study was conducted along sites of Mt. Uluguru slopes including; SUA (525 masl), Mlali (579 masl), Mgeta (1050 masl) and Nyandira (1691 masl) located in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. A total of 16 cup traps (four at each site equidistantly arranged at 100 m apart) were used. Weather data were recorded using Hygrocron i-button hung on a tree at equidistant from the four traps. Data on S. frugiperda counts and weather variables were recorded weekly for duration of six months from January to June 2020. Results showed that S. frugiperda was abundantly recorded across he tested altitude albeit at varied abundance. There was significant difference (p < 0.001) among altitude on S. frugiperda abundance, whereby at low altitude, S. frugiperda abundance was high compared to medium and high altitude. Rainfall had positive correlation on S. frugiperda abundance (r = 0.16, r = 0.04) for SUA and Mlali and negative correlation (r = -0.44) and (r = -0.03) for Mgeta and Nyandira. Temperature had positive correlation (r = 0.21) on S. frugiperda abundance at Nyandira while SUA (r = -0.03), Mlali (r = -0.35) and Mgeta (r = -0.28) had negative correlation. Relative humidity for all four locations showed negative correlation with S. frugiperda abundance. Thus, appropriate and effective management practices of S. frugiperda should be considered throughout maize production areas and across crop production seasons regardless of the altitude.
Studies on the influence of altitude on abundance of fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda (Je Smith)) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in Tanzania
(Society for Science and Education, 2023-08-25) Mbemba, Kiva F.; Rwegasira, Gration M.; Tryphone, George M.
Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the most devastating polyphagous field crop pests in many parts of the world, including Tanzania. Influence of altitude on the abundance of S. frugiperda was studies by using Pheromone (Frugilure S. frugiperda, Chemtica international, S.A) embedded cup traps. The study was conducted along sites of Mt. Uluguru slopes including; SUA (525 masl), Mlali (579 masl), Mgeta (1050 masl) and Nyandira (1691 masl) located in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. A total of 16 cup traps (four at each site equidistantly arranged at 100 m apart) were used. Weather data were recorded using Hygrocron i-button hung on a tree at equidistant from the four traps. Data on S. frugiperda counts and weather variables were recorded weekly for duration of six months from January to June 2020. Results showed that S. frugiperda was abundantly recorded across he tested altitude albeit at varied abundance. There was significant difference (p < 0.001) among altitude on S. frugiperda abundance, whereby at low altitude, S. frugiperda abundance was high compared to medium and high altitude. Rainfall had positive correlation on S. frugiperda abundance (r = 0.16, r = 0.04) for SUA and Mlali and negative correlation (r = -0.44) and (r = -0.03) for Mgeta and Nyandira. Temperature had positive correlation (r = 0.21) on S. frugiperda abundance at Nyandira while SUA (r = -0.03), Mlali (r = -0.35) and Mgeta (r = -0.28) had negative correlation. Relative humidity for all four locations showed negative correlation with S. frugiperda abundance. Thus, appropriate and effective management practices of S. frugiperda should be considered throughout maize production areas and across crop production seasons regardless of the altitude.
Studies on the Influence of altitude on abundance of fall armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda (Je Smith)) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Tanzania
(Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2025) Mbemba, Kiva F.; Rwegasira, Gration M.; Tryphone, George M.
Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the most devastating polyphagous field crop pests in many parts of the world, including Tanzania. Influence of altitude on the abundance of S. frugiperda was studies by using Pheromone (Frugilure S. frugiperda, Chemtica international, S.A) embedded cup traps. The study was conducted along sites of Mt. Uluguru slopes including; SUA (525 masl), Mlali (579 masl), Mgeta (1050 masl) and Nyandira (1691 masl) located in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. A total of 16 cup traps (four at each site equidistantly arranged at 100 m apart) were used. Weather data were recorded using Hygrocron i-button hung on a tree at equidistant from the four traps. Data on S. frugiperda counts and weather variables were recorded weekly for duration of six months from January to June 2020. Results showed that S. frugiperda was abundantly recorded across he tested altitude albeit at varied abundance. There was significant difference (p < 0.001) among altitude on S. frugiperda abundance, whereby at low altitude, S. frugiperda abundance was high compared to medium and high altitude. Rainfall had positive correlation on S. frugiperda abundance (r = 0.16, r = 0.04) for SUA and Mlali and negative correlation (r = -0.44) and (r = -0.03) for Mgeta and Nyandira. Temperature had positive correlation (r = 0.21) on S. frugiperda abundance at Nyandira while SUA (r = -0.03), Mlali (r = -0.35) and Mgeta (r = -0.28) had negative correlation. Relative humidity for all four locations showed negative correlation with S. frugiperda abundance. Thus, appropriate and effective management practices of S. frugiperda should be considered throughout maize production areas and across crop production seasons regardless of the altitude.