A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science in Human Resource Management (MSc-HRM) of Mzumbe.The challenges that Tanzania’s rural schools face in recruiting and retaining qualified teachers cannot be overemphasized. The purpose of this study was to make an assessment on the factors that discourage secondary school teachers to work in the rural areas with reference to Kisarawe District Council. Due to limited time and finance, the researcher employed a cross sectional design. Data collection was through questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary reviews. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and were presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. The study has established that there are factors which hinders teachers to work in the rural areas such as poor social economic condition, lack of accommodation, salary, lack of training and development opportunities, inadequate health facilities, favoritism and freedom of expression and teaching load.TH study has also found that the working condition for teachers in those secondary schools in Kisarawe district are not conducive as they are characterized by inadequate teaching facilities, lack of electricity, lack of inspection, lack of training opportunities and poor accommodation facilities. Despite the fact that the government has take various efforts in reforming education in the country through, SEDP (I&II), (NSGRP I&II), these programs has made little changes to attract and retain teachers in the rural areas. Various recommendations have been made as a way forward to overcome the dilemma. These include increase of salary and other non financial incentives, improvement on the teachers working condition, fair training opportunities, deployment policies that ensure sufficient teachers in remote schools, career development incentives package for rural teachers and training teachers to work in flexible environment.