Dissertation (MA Education)The objective of this study was to identify the challenges affecting job performance among the secondary school teachers in Kilosa District. This study was guided by Herzberg Motivation Theory. The study employed qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample of 79 which comprised 12 head teachers and 67teachers were used. Purposive and random techniques were used to obtain the sample. Data were collected through questionnaires interviews and documentary review. Qualitative data analysis was done through content analysis, while quantitative data analysis was done through descriptive statistics, where calculations were made to obtain frequencies, percentages, mean, rank and graphs through SPSS 16.0version. The findings of the study have revealed that, the main challenges affecting teachers’ job performance were inadequate houses, lack of in-service training, low salary and poor working environment. The main consequences caused by these challenges were poor student performance, poor teaching process, teachers turn turnover, poor learning process, lack of efficient in job, job dissatisfaction, job stress and low commitment in job. In light of the results, various ways to overcome the problems have been proposed, such as recognition, appreciation, promotion, adequate facilities, responding teachers’ claims, in-service training and better pay. The study has an implication on Secondary Education sector in Tanzania, where community and government should empower teachers in order to improve their job performance.