Dissertation (MA Education)The primary aim of this study was to investigate the kind of care that is given to orphans in Iwawa Ward, in Makete district, and how that care affects the orphans' primary schooling. The study was guided by the following research questions: Who are the caregivers of the orphaned pupils? What kind of care is given to the orphans?, How that care affects the orphans' primary schooling? What should be done to improve orphans' primary schooling? The study employed a case study design. The location of the study was Iwawa Ward in Makete District and the target population was the orphans in primary schools in this ward. The two sample schools selected for this study were school A and school B representing schools situated in urban and rural areas respectively. The study involved 12 orphaned pupils, 6 caregivers and 4 primary school teachers. The study employed interview as the main method of collecting data. The findings of the study revealed that 87% of caregivers are close relatives. Others are distant relatives, and non relatives. The kind of care that is given to orphans includes provision of financial support, security, food, a place to live, medical care, clothing, teaching and learning materials. The findings also revealed that provision of enough care to the orphaned pupils enables them to be enrolled in schools, to have regular school attendance, and to build confidence and good behaviour. But inadequate provision of care leads to orphans' late or no enrolment in schools, having strong emotions, poor academic performance, truancy, dropping out of schools, delinquency, failure to join secondary schools, and becoming street children. From these findings, suggestions are made to family members and the community in general, to select caregivers basing on their ability to give proper care. The government is advised to make Secondary Education free and for all. This will enable orphaned pupils and other pupils from poor families to access it.