Dissertation (MA Education)The purpose of the current experimental study was to investigate effects of presence of others on children’s simple and complex memory task performances among primary school pupils in Tanzania. The Study hypothesized that he individual pupil would perform significantly better on simple memory tasks in alone setting than in the presence of others. Then boys would perform significantly better on simple memory tasks than girls in alone settings as well as in the presence of others. Last hypothesis was that girls would perform significantly better on complex memory tasks than boys in alone setting as well as in the presence of others. The Study employed Within Participants Repeated Measures Experimental Design for data collection. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and paired t-test. It was observed that on simple memory tasks , the pupils performances were significantly higher when the tasks were done in the presence of others as compared to situations where tasks were done in alone setting (p=0.0015<0.05). However on the complex memory tasks, there were no significant effect in the presence of others on pupils‟ performance (p=1>0.05). Generally the study revealed that under similar environments, the girls performed better on simple and complex memory tasks as compared to their boy’s counterparts but there was no statistically significantly a difference between them. The study recommended that in order to promote memory among pupils, teachers‟ activities should design teaching and learning in social settings. Besides further research should be conducted in order to confirm or dis confirm the findings of the current study.