Dissertation (MA Education)The general objective of the study was to examine the impact of leadership and management on academic performance in primary school with reference to Mbozi district. Cross-sectional research design was used where a sample size of 103 respondents was used. The respondents of study included teachers, heads of schools, WEOs and DEO and data were collected through questionnaires and interview guide. The study employed mixed methodology through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive analysis by the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software where the number of respondents was 103. Qualitative data were analysed in this study through content analysis. The findings revealed that, when managements provide sufficient teaching aids and caring about teachers needs and concern can help to improve academic performance in schools. The study established that head of school enhance academic performance through management of curriculum and instruction through supervision of subordinates, moreover the challenges facing heads of school in enhancing school academic performance is overcrowded classes and poor infrastructures. Based on objectives of the study it is concludes that leadership and management of human and physical resources have enhanced performance in primary schools through improving skills and knowledge of teachers that can be immediately applied at work, enhance academic performance in primary schools through promising house development of carrier among teachers and roles distribution among leaders and staff and in services training among teachers. Also practically, the study recommends that, the school should increase the number of infrastructure, training enough teachers, and increase number of resources of teaching and learning materials.