Dissertation (MA Education)This study is about the influence of Artisanal and small scale mining on primary school pupils‘ learning achievement. It was conducted in Biharamulo District located in Kagera region. The respondents were head teachers, primary teachers, primary school pupils, and ASM leaders. The study employed a cross sectional survey design. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, documentary review and Focused Group Discussion. Data were presented and analysed through tables and figures as well as content analysis of the identified themes. The study found that ASM activities have less positive influence to primary school pupils‘ learning achievements. With regard to gender, boys were found to be the victims, that is, the mostly affected by ASM activities. For instance these activities lead to pupils‘ poor classroom attendance, moral decay, school dropouts and early marriage. This study thus recommends the government, and other educational stakeholders to suspend the involvement of children in ASM activities. This study has addressed the disputes concerning with children as well as gender issues in ASM environment which all need a deep discussion as a critical step in improving academic performance of pupils thus creating a bright future for them.