A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Public Administration and Management in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements of the Award of degree of Master of Science of Human Resource Management o f Mzumbe University.This study aimed at Roles of political leaders in managing land conflict: a case study of Arumeru district Council. The researcher focused at investigating on the causes of land conflicts, roles of political leaders on land conflicts, and effects of land conflicts between pastoralist and farmers in Arumeru District. Land conflicts often have extensive negative effects on economic, social, spatial and ecological development. Land conflicts can have disastrous effects on individuals as well as on groups and even entire nations, of which has caused a lot of tragedy to the lives of pastoralist and farmers within the conflicting areas. The study adopted a case study design whereby a sample size of 84 was used to get information. Purposive sampling technique was used to obtain wards, villages and respondents. Both primary and secondary data were used whereby in primary data interview and questionnaires were used while in secondary data documentary source was used. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively The study revealed that root cause of the conflicts lies mostly in the lack of security of tenure on land that most smallholder producers depend on for their livelihoods. Policy deficiencies and contradictions have been uncontrollable. Finally, the study recommended to the government leaders on a number of issues such as the issue of education is also vital, especially on laws, regulations and procedures governing land ownership. The villagers need to have basic education on procedures required to own a piece of land but also official documents for a land inherited from the parents.